In the examples below all fretted notes are played on the 2nd fret of the relevant string. In example 8 all notes are played as open strings except in bar 3. Notice that the fretted E notes of the 3rd bar are higher than the open E in the last bar. Notes with the same name can be found in different positions on the fretboard. The fretted notes can be played either with the 1st or 2nd finger.
In the last bar of example 11 the high fretted A and low open A are both present. The interval between these two notes is called one octave.