The Octave
An octave is the range of eight notes of a major scale. The first note and last note of a major scale always have the same name. In the C major scale the distance from the lowest C to the C note above it is one octave (eight notes).
Examples 23 to 30 use the same chord progression alternating between the C and the F chord. All elements introduced so far are incorporated (3 h 1 -) in various combinations. The notes are all from the C major scale. Notice the different locations (octaves), e.g., for the root note and/or fifth (high up, low down) as well as some scale fragments (parts of the scale).
Dotted Half Notes
A dotted half note is worth three beats. When a dot is placed after a note it indicates that its time value is extended by half, e.g.:
The examples below utilize the dotted half note.
