Chord Construction

Lesson 20/142 | Study Time: 5 Min

Course: Complete Scales, Modes & Improvising

Chord Construction

Each chord type is based upon a unique formula which can be related back to the major scale that has the same letter name as the chord, e.g. C chords are based upon a formula that can be measured against the C major scale. Here is the C major scale written in standard music notation and tab (tablature). If you play these notes you would get the familiar Do Re Mi Fa So La Ti Do sound.

The letter name of each note is written below the note on the staff (3). Below the letter name is the degree number of the note in the scale. These thirteen note degrees are all that is needed to create all chord types. Each chord type will have its own unique formula.

The formula for a major chord is 1 3 5 which means that each major chord consists of the first, third and fifth notes of the related major scale, e.g. the C major chord consists of the 1st, 3rd and 5th notes of the C major scale (C E G). These notes can be in any order and can be duplicated but there must be at least one of each of those notes, e.g. in the adjacent C major chord shape there are two C notes, three E notes and one G note. The G major chord consists of the 1st, 3rd and 5th notes of the G major scale (G B D).

The formula for a minor chord is 1 b3 5 which means that each minor chord consists of the first, flattened third and fifth notes of the major scale.

e.g. the C minor (Cm) chord consists of the 1st, 3rd and 5th notes of the C major scale (C Eb G). So even though it is a minor chord, the chord formula still relates back to the major scale.

A full understanding of chord construction is essential as your playing ability advances, as it is particularly useful when improvising, substituting or writing an accompaniment for a song or piece of music.

The following chart lists all the chord types used in this book, along with the formula for the note degrees from the major scale, plus an example of each chord type in the key of C. Study the chart well, so that you can see the relationship of each chord type to the C major scale on the previous page.

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Class Sessions

1- Electronic Tuner 2- The Major Scale 3- Mode Formulas 4- Minor Keys and Scales 5- Minor Pentatonic Scale 6- Learnin G The Guitar Fretboard 7- 12 Bar Blues 8- Fretboard Diagrams 9- C Major Scale in Open Position 10- Moveable Fingerings 11- The Natural Minor Scale 12- Minor Pentatonic in Five Forms 13- Notes on the Guitar Fretboard 14- Turnaround Progressions 15- Tablature 16- Modes 17- Creating Music From Scales 18- The Harmonic Minor Scale 19- Licks Using the Minor Pentatonic 20- Notes in More Than One Place 21- More on Chord Substitution 22- Music Notation 23- Scale Tone Chords 24- Playing What You Hear 25- The Melodic Minor Scale 26- Blues Scale 27- Position Playing 28- Turnaround Chord Substitution 29- Note and Rest Values 30- Major Key Triad Pattern 31- Dorian Mode 32- Relative Keys 33- Blues Scale In Five Forms 34- Higher and Lower Versions of Notes 35- Substitution and Context 36- Rhythm Notation 37- Modes and Scale Tone Chords 38- Licks Using The Dorian Mode 39- Moveable Minor Scales 40- Licks Using the Blues Scale 41- Major Scales 42- Triad Over Root Substitutions 43- Time Signatures 44- More on Modes and Chords 45- Phrygian Mode 46- Five Forms of The Natural Minor 47- Enharmonic Notes 48- Sharps and Flats 49- Using 7th Chords To Create 9ths 50- Tablature Symbols 51- The Chromatic Scale 52- Licks Using the Phrygian Mode 53- Relative Major and Minor Fingerings 54- Major Pentatonic Scale 55- The Chromatic Scale 56- Substitutions in Minor Keys 57- Sequences 58- Lydian Mode 59- Harmonic Minor Scale Fingerings 60- Major Pentatonic in Five Forms 61- More About Major Scales 62- Secondary Dominants 63- Scale Degrees 64- Licks Using the Lydian Mode 65- Harmonic Minor in Five Forms 66- Licks Using the Major Pentatonic 67- Keys and Key Signatures 68- Tritone Substitution 69- Visualizing Scale Degrees 70- Mixolydian Mode 71- Licks Using the Harmonic Minor 72- Relative Major and Minor Pentatonics 73- Sharp Key Signatures 74- The II V I Progression 75- Scale Degrees Dpplied to Modes 76- Licks Using the Mixolydian Mode 77- Melodic Minor Scale 78- Whole Tone Scale 79- Flat Key Signatures 80- I Becomes II 81- Major Keys 82- Aeolian Mode 83- Melodic Minor in Five Forms 84- Moveable Fingerings 85- The Key Cycle 86- Memorizing Chord Progressions 87- Licks Using the Aeolian Mode 88- Licks Using the Melodic Minor 89- Diminished Scale 90- Using the Key Cycle 91- Modulation 92- Locrian Mode 93- Other Minor Key Modes 94- Moveable Fingerings 95- Major Scales in All Keys 96- V Becomes II 97- Licks Using the Locrian Mode 98- Intervals 99- Jam Along Progressions 100- Modes in Minor Keys 101- Finding Intervals on The Fretboard 102- Learning Songs 103- Identifying Intervals By Ear 104- Tuning Your Guitar 105- Chord Construction 106- Chord Formula Chart 107- Chord Symbols and Alternatives 108- How to Read Sheet Music 109- Transposing 110- How to Transpose 111- The Capo 112- Power Chords 113- Chords Using 4ths 114- Chord Construction Using Intervals 115- Major Key Scale Tone Chords 116- Major Key Triad Pattern 117- Scale Tone Chords Along The Strings 118- Primary Chords 119- Harmonizing Melodies 120- Common Progressions 121- Scale Tone 7th Pattern 122- Scale Tone 7th Chords in All Keys 123- Extended Scale Tone Chords 124- Voice Leading 125- Guide Tones 126- Using Guide Tones 127- Other Guide Tones 128- Guide Tones in Modes 129- Minor Key Scale Tone Triads 130- Minor Key Chord Progressions 131- Melodic Minor Scale Tone Chords 132- Scale Tone 7ths in Minor Keys 133- Higher Extensions in Minor Keys 134- Altered Chords Chart 135- Slash Chords 136- Pedal Tones 137- Moving Bass Lines Under a Chord 138- Chords With More Than One Name 139- Harmonizing Modes 140- Minor Key Modes 141- 6ths 142- 3rds

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Chord Construction