Accent — > to play certain notes in a phrase louder than others is done by the use of accents 
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Accidental — a sign used to show a temporary change in pitch of a note (i.e., sharp # , flat b , double sharp ! , double flat bb , or natural @ ). The sharps or flats in a key signature are not regarded as accidentals.
Ad lib — to be played at the performer’s own discretion.
Allegretto — moderately fast.
Allegro — fast and lively.
Anacrusis — a note or notes occurring before the first bar of music (also called "lead-in" notes).
Andante — an easy walking pace.
Anticipation — Where a down beat is displaced by the preceding off beat.
Arpeggio — the playing of a chord in consecutive single notes.
Articulation — a way of playing notes, e.g., long (legato), short (staccato).
Bar — a section of music occurring between two bar lines (also called a "measure").
Bar line — a vertical line drawn across the staff which divides the music into equal sections called bars.
Bass — the lower regions of pitch in general. On guitar, the 4th, 5th and 6th strings.
Bass pedal — the bass note stays the same while the chords are changing, e.g., C, Dm/C, F7/C
Bass Clef — . the sign at the beginning of each staff indicating the position of the F note.
Chord — a combination of three or more different notes played together.
Chord extension — extra note(s) added to a chord, e.g., G7(9#)
Chord progression — a series of chords played as a musical unit (e.g., in a song).
Chord symbol — an abbreviation for a group of notes in a particular order, e.g., C7 (C E G Bb)
Chord voicing — the arrangement (order) of notes within a chord.
Chromatic scale — a scale ascending and descending in semitones.
Clef — a sign placed at the beginning of each staff of music which fixes the location of a particular note on the staff, and hence the location of all other notes.
note on the staff, and hence the location of all other notes, e.g.:
Treble Staff
Bass Staff
Coda — an ending section of music, signified by the sign v.
Common time — an indication of * time — four quarter note beats per bar (also indicated by Q).
Cut Common time W — $ time.
Crescendo — a gradual increase of volume over a period of time as indicated by 
D.C. al fine — repeat from the sign (indicated thus V ) to the word "fine".
Decrescendo — a gradual decrease of volume over a period of time as indicated by L
Displacement — a series of notes or a phrase that shifts to a different place within the music,
e.g., the displacement often moves ahead or is delayed by one beat or less.
Dotted note — a dot written after a note extends its value by half, e.g., 1= 2 beats 2= 3 beats
Duration — the time value of each note.
Dynamics — the varying degrees of volume, e.g., softness (indicated by the term "piano") and loudness (indicated by the term "forte") in music.
Eighth note — a note with the value of half a beat in * time, indicated thus 5(also called a quaver).
Eighth note rest — indicating half a beat of silence is written: j
Enharmonic — describes the difference in notation, but not in pitch, of two notes, e.g.:
F# or Gb
Fermata — a sign, ? , used to indicate that a note or chord is held to the player’s own discretion (also called a "pause sign").
First and second endings — signs used where two different endings occur. On the first time through ending one is played (indicated by the bracket Z); then the progression is repeated and ending two is played (indicated X).
Flat — a sign, ( b )used to lower the pitch of a note by one semitone.
Forte — loud, indicated by the sign f.
Grace note — a note(s) that is played quickly as an ornament before the main note 
.
Half note — a note with the value of two beats in * time, indicated thus: 1 (also called a minim).
The half note rest, indicating two beats of silence, is written: 
third staff line.
Harmonics — a chime like sound created by lightly touching a vibrating string at certain points along the fret board.
Harmony — the simultaneous sounding of two or more different notes.
Improvise — to perform spontaneously, i.e., not from memory or from a written copy.
Interval — the distance between any two notes of different pitches.
Inversion — change of the order of notes within a chord; the root note is no longer the lowest note, e.g., C/E.
Key — describes the notes used in a composition in regards to the major or minor scale from which they are taken, e.g., a piece "in the key of C major" describes the melody, chords, etc., as predominantly consisting of the notes, C, D, E, F, G, A, and B — i.e., from the C scale.
Key signature — a sign, placed at the beginning of each staff of music, directly after the clef, to indicate the key of a piece. The sign consists of a certain number of harps or flats, which represent the sharps or flats found in the scale of the piece’s key.
indicates a scale with F# and C# , which is D major; D E F# G A B C# D.
Therefore the key is D major, or B minor which is the relative minor of D major
Lead-In — same as anacrusis (also called a pick-up).
Ledger lines — small horizontal lines upon which notes are written when their pitch is either above or below the range of the staff, e.g.:
Legato — smoothly, well connected.
Lick — a short musical phrase.
Major scale — a series of eight notes in alphabetical order based on the interval sequence tone - tone - semitone - tone - tone - tone - semitone, giving the familiar sound do re mi fa so la ti do.
Melody — a group of notes of varying pitch and duration, and having a recognizable musical shape.
Metronome — a device which indicates the number of beats per minute, and which can be adjusted to any desired tempo.
E.g., MM (Maelzel Metronome) 3 = 60 — indicates 60 quarter note beats per minute.
Minor — the sound created by the flattened third which applies to minor chords as well as to minor scales.
Modes — a type of scale that changes the sequence of the notes, e.g., if a major scale is played starting on another note than the root note it is referred as a mode. The most common modes derive from the major scale: Ionian (major), Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian, Mixolydian, Aeolian (natural minor), Locrian.
Moderato — at a moderate pace.
Natural — a sign ( @ )used to cancel out the effect of a sharp or flat. The word is also used to describe the notes A, B, C, D, E, F and G, e.g., "the natural notes".
Notation — the written representation of music, by means of symbols (music on a staff), letters (as in chord and note names) and diagrams (as in chord illustrations.)
Note — a single sound with a given pitch and duration.
Octave — the distance between any given note with a set frequency, and another note with exactly double that frequency. Both notes will have the same letter name;
8va. (octava) — transpose the notes up an octave, the sign loco cancels out the effect of 8va.
Open voicing — a chord that has the notes spread out between both hands on the keyboard.
Phrase — a group of notes that form a musical idea, e.g., a vocal line, a bass riff etc.
Pitch — the sound produced by a note, determined by the frequency of the string vibrations. The pitch relates to a note being referred to as "high" or "low".
Plectrum — a small object (often of a triangular shape) made of plastic which is used to pick or strum the strings of a guitar, bass, mandolin or banjo.
Position — a term used to describe the location of the left hand on the fret board. The left hand position is determined by the fret location of the first finger, e.g.,
the 1st position refers to the 1st to 4th frets. The 3rd position refers to the 3rd to 6th frets and so on.
Quarter note — a note with the value of one beat in * time, indicated thus 3 (also called a crotchet).
The quarter note rest, indicating one beat of silence, is written: h .
Repeat signs — used to indicate a repeat of a section of music, by means of two dots placed before a double bar line.
In chord progressions, a repeat sign C , indicates and exact repeat of the previous bar.
Riff — a pattern of notes that is repeated within a song.
Root note — the note after which a chord or scale is named (also called "key note").
Semitone — the smallest interval used in conventional music. On guitar, it is a distance of one fret.
Sharp — a sign ( # ) used to raise the pitch of a note by one semitone.
Sixteenth note — a note with the value of a quarter of a beat in * time, thus 0(also called semi quaver).
Sixteenth rest — indicating a quarter of a beat of silence is written:k
Shuffle — a rhythm feel that is based on triplets.
Staccato — to play short and detached, indicated by a dot placed above the note.
Staff — five parallel lines together with four spaces, upon which music is written.
Straight feel — a rhythm feel that is based on even eighth or sixteenth notes.
Swing feel — a rhythm feel that is based on triplets, e.g., eighth notes are played uneven
Syncopation — the placing of an accent on a normally unaccented beat, e.g.:
Tablature — a system of writing music which represents the position of the player’s fingers (not the pitch of the notes, but their position on the bass). A chord diagram s a type of tablature. Notes can also be written using tablature thus:
Music Notation
Tablature
Tempo — the speed of a piece.
Ternary — see form.
Tie — a curved line joining two or more notes of the same pitch, where the second note(s) is not played, but its time value is added to that of the first note Y.
Timbre — a quality which distinguishes a note produced on one instrument from the same note produced on any other instrument (also called "tone color"). A given note on the guitar will sound different (and therefore distinguishable) from the same note on piano, violin, flute etc. There is usually also a difference in timbre between two instruments of the same type (e.g., two pianos).
Time signature — a sign at the beginning of a piece which indicates, by means of figures, the number of beats per bar (top figure), and the type of note receiving one beat (bottom figure).
Tone — a distance of two semitones.
Transposition — the process of changing a piece of music from one key to another.
Treble — the upper regions of pitch in general.
Triplet — a group of three notes played in the same time as two notes of the same kind.
Turnaround — a sequence of repeated chords which are commonly used in many music styles.
Vibrato — a technique which involves pushing a string up and down, like a rapid series of short bends.
Whole note — a note with a duration of four beats.
Whole note rest — indicating four beats of silence is written: : fourth staff line.
